Taiko
Last updated
Last updated
Ethereum’s well-known scalability issues stem from its inability to increase network capacity while maintaining focus on its core principle of decentralization and security. Enter Layer 2 solutions: protocols built on top of existing blockchains that handle transactions off-chain to enhance scalability and efficiency while maintaining security.
This article unpacks Taiko, a Layer 2 scaling solution that stands out for its full compatibility with Ethereum. Learn how this cutting-edge zero-knowledge rollup makes Ethereum’s blockchain more efficient and user-friendly for DApp developers and users, ensuring its dominance as a global settlement network. and how 4EVERLAND empowers the Taiko ecosystem.
Taiko is a fully open-source, Ethereum-equivalent ZK-rollup scaling solution designed for decentralized, secure and permissionless operations. Taiko aims to solve the foundational challenges of scalability and high transaction costs on the Ethereum network by leveraging multi-proof technology.
What does Taiko Aim to Achieve?
Taiko’s goal is to significantly boost transaction throughput while reducing fees, all without compromising Ethereum’s essential principles of security and decentralization. This solution is particularly important given the congestion and high gas fees resulting from the popularity of applications and tokens on Ethereum’s network. Taiko’s aim is to enable a more efficient and seamless experience for DApp developers and users, ensuring that Ethereum’s potential as a global settlement network is fully realized.
How does Taiko Work?
Taiko aggregates numerous Ethereum transactions and compiles them into a single batch. It then generates a proof using a trusted execution environment (TEE) like SGX for this batch of transactions. This proof is a cryptographic method that allows one party to prove to another that a statement is true without disclosing any information beyond the validity of the statement itself.
The bulk of computational work, including the execution of smart contracts and transaction verification, is performed off-chain. This system means Taiko’s infrastructure, not the Ethereum Mainnet, exclusively handles the actual computation and state storage. The ZK-proof is then submitted to the Ethereum blockchain, where it’s verified. This step ensures that the batched transactions are valid and follow Ethereum’s rules. Once the proof is accepted, the transactions are considered final. Taiko adopts Ethereum’s security model, as the ZK-proof verification process is anchored to Ethereum’s decentralized consensus mechanism.
Taiko significantly increases the number of transactions that can be processed per second on the Ethereum network by processing transactions off-chain and only storing proofs on-chain. This method dramatically reduces transaction fees, commonly known as gas fees, since the computational load is shifted off-chain. Taiko is designed to be fully compatible with Ethereum, meaning developers can deploy their existing DApps on Taiko without any modifications. This compatibility extends to both Ethereum’s tooling and its smart contract languages.
Despite off-chain computation, Taiko maintains Ethereum’s decentralization and security guarantees. It doesn’t introduce additional trust assumptions, and leverages Ethereum’s validator network for sequencing transactions.
Specifically, Taiko is divided into three main modules: Multi-Prover, Layer 2 Rollup, and the Taiko Protocol.
Multi-Prover: This module utilizes various zkVMs such as Risc0 and Succinct and integrated proof systems such as SGX to directly compile and execute a Rust-based Ethereum Virtual Machine. It generates zero-knowledge proofs or TEE proofs to validate the accuracy and integrity of Ethereum block execution.
Layer 2 Rollup Nodes: These nodes are responsible for managing and executing transactions on Layer 2 while interacting with Ethereum Layer 1. By leveraging Layer 2 Rollup technology, Taiko enhances Ethereum’s transaction throughput, reduces transaction costs, and maintains decentralization and security.
Taiko Protocol: This defines and enforces the rules of Layer 2 Rollup to ensure both transaction correctness and network security. Through smart contracts and decentralized validation, the Taiko Protocol achieves an efficient scaling solution for Ethereum while preserving its decentralization and security characteristics.
Overall, the key innovation of the Taiko protocol is the BCR framework (Based Contestable Rollup), which is built upon Multi-proofs (multi-prover interactive proofs). The core concept of the BCR framework is “competition”: anyone can become a proposer, submit block proposals, and any validator who disagrees with the state transition results can submit a challenge proof at a security level to alter the L2 block state, thereby making a choice between correct and incorrect forks.
Proposers are required to bundle user transactions with multiple proposers able to simultaneously compete in submitting blocks. Validators are responsible for verifying the blocks and zero-knowledge proofs submitted by proposers, with multiple validators also competing to validate the blocks. This process not only ensures the decentralization of the generation and submission of each block but also further enhances the security of the network.
4EVERLAND has partnered with the Taiko team to provide critical infrastructure support and services. Specifically, 4EVERLAND’s IPFS-based decentralized storage and gateway solutions play a vital role in strengthening the Taiko ecosystem.
IPFS Decentralized Storage:
4EVERLAND’s decentralized storage solution, built on the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), offers a secure and efficient way to store and access data within the Taiko ecosystem. IPFS’s content-addressing approach ensures data integrity and availability, while 4EVERLAND’s integration provides seamless integration and scalability for Taiko-based applications.
Data Integrity and Availability: By storing data on the IPFS network, 4EVERLAND ensures data integrity and high availability. IPFS splits data into immutable chunks, distributes them across multiple nodes, and records their location via content-addressing.
Efficient and Cost-effective: Decentralized storage reduces dependence on centralized servers, leading to cost savings and enhanced data retrieval speeds due to distributed hosting.
4EVERLAND is consistently seeking solutions that can enhance the performance and security of the Taiko ecosystem for its developers. The IPFS decentralized storage service provided by 4EVERLAND is pivotal in addressing the data storage challenges faced by DApps, particularly through its efficient integration with the AWS S3 API. With the 4EVERLAND Storage SDK, developers can effortlessly achieve high-performance file uploads, greatly simplifying the development process with its one-click integration feature. Furthermore, the multipart upload functionality of 4EVERLAND ensures that developers can reliably manage large data sets, thereby enhancing the user experience of the platform.
Another significant advantage is 4EVERLAND’s Security Token Service (STS) API, which generates temporary, limited-permission upload credentials. This mechanism eliminates the reliance on server-side intermediaries, thereby accelerating file upload speeds and bolstering data security. By minimizing the transmission of sensitive data between servers, developers can effectively reduce the risk of data breaches and unauthorized access.
Decentralized Gateways:
In addition to storage, 4EVERLAND provides decentralized gateways that serve as a bridge between the IPFS network and the traditional web. These gateways enable users to access IPFS-hosted content through standard web protocols, ensuring a seamless user experience for Taiko-powered DApps. 4EVERLAND’s gateways are strategically positioned across the globe, offering low-latency access and global acceleration for Taiko users.
Access and Retrieval: 4EVERLAND’s gateways facilitate easy access and retrieval of data stored on IPFS. These gateways act as bridges, enabling user-friendly interactions with the decentralized network.
Resilience Against Censorship: Decentralized gateways contribute to censorship resistance, ensuring that data remains accessible without being subject to control by any single entity.
4EVERLAND’s dedicated IPFS gateway is engineered for high performance, optimizing response times through CID request comparisons among multiple IPFS storage nodes and utilizing edge caching to reduce latency further. This offers users in the Taiko ecosystem minimal wait times and efficient content access, significantly enhancing user satisfaction.
Below is how Taikoons NFT leverages the IPFS storage solutions and dedicated gateways provided by 4EVERLAND to enhance the stability and scalability of its ecosystem.
Role and Benefits in Taiko Ecosystem:
Scalability: 4EVERLAND’s IPFS decentralized storage supports Taiko’s need for scalability by efficiently handling large volumes of data without congestion.
No Complex Development Needed: 4EVERLAND is compatible with the AWS S3 API, which allows for quick and easy integration without the need for complex development efforts.
Unified API for Multiple Storage Protocols: Through a unified API, 4EVERLAND supports simultaneous storage on both IPFS, Arweave and BNB Greenfield, providing the flexibility of using multiple decentralized storage protocols seamlessly.
Combined Benefits of IPFS and Arweave: It leverages the content addressing features of IPFS and the permanent storage characteristics of Arweave, ensuring both data integrity and long-term preservation.
Data Security: The robust storage solution secures transaction data, ensuring that Taiko’s operations remain safe and tamper-proof.
Infrastructure Support: 4EVERLAND provides a reliable foundation for Taiko’s dApps and services, enhancing the overall user experience.
The collaboration between 4EVERLAND and the Taiko ecosystem represents a significant step forward in the development of scalable, secure, and decentralized blockchain infrastructure. As Taiko continues to gain traction and adoption, 4EVERLAND’s IPFS-based solutions will play a crucial role in supporting the growth and expansion of the Taiko network.
Looking ahead, the integration of 4EVERLAND’s services with the Taiko ecosystem is expected to drive further innovation and advancements in the Web3 space. By leveraging the combined strengths of these two pioneering platforms, developers and users alike will benefit from a more robust, efficient, and decentralized blockchain infrastructure, paving the way for the widespread adoption of Taiko-powered applications.
